Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 5 Cultural Heritage of Indian and North East Region

Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 5 Cultural Heritage of Indian and North East Region The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters Assam Board Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 5 Cultural Heritage of Indian and North East Region and select needs one.

Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 5 Cultural Heritage of Indian and North East Region

Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board SEBA Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 5 Cultural Heritage of Indian and North East Region Solutions for All Subject, You can practice these here…

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Q1. Sculptures of ancient India. 

Ans : India was noted for the development of high quality sculptures during the ancient period. It reached its zenith of development during the Gupta period. Ancient sculptures were made of rocks, stones, bronze, copper and gold. The statues were made in local style. The feelings of the people like peace, comfort, anguish, divine love, etc. were depicted on these statues. The main subject matter of the sculptures were holy men like Gautam Buddha, Mahavir, gods and goddesses of Hinduism, different animals, etc. The sculpture styles of the ancient period can be divided into three categories, namely, Gandhara, Mathura and Amravati styles. Among these, the Gandhara style was most popular. This style was mostly used for the making of statues of Lord Buddha. The religious sculptures declined during the medieval period as Islam did not encourage making of statues and sculptures of dead human beings. The Muslim rulers was more interested in promoting architecture and painting than sculpture.

Q2. Indian paintings. 

Ans : The ancient Indian period witnessed great progress in the field of painting. Ancient and medieval paintings  can be categorised into two categories, viz. big wall paintings and smaller paintings. The smaller paintings were used for the illustration of books. The big wall paintings can be seen in different parts of India such as in the walls of Ajanta Caves (Maharashtra), Bagh (Madhya Pradesh) and Chittanavachal (Tamil Nadu). The main theme of these paintings is related to life and activities of Lord Buddha, Mahavira and Hindu gods and goddesses. Among these paintings, Ajanta cave painting is the most magnificent and famous all over the world. During the Mughal era, paintings made great progress and noted painters were patronised by Akbar,  Jahangir and Shahjahan. The smaller paintings mostly consisted of pictorial works in books. Mughal emperors encouraged such works. Important pictorial books of the period include works such as Padsahnama, Tutinama, Jahangirnama, Dastan-e-Amir, Khamda, etc. 

Q3. Traditions of songs and dances in India. 

Ans : India has a rich heritage of music and dance. The Vedas were to be recited in a particular musical style. Music reached its zenith of development during the Mughal period. Along with music, different types of musical instruments were also made to accompany classical and folk music. Among these instruments shahnai, tabla, santur, sitar, beena and flute were considered important. Folk instruments like dhol, taal, nagara, mridanga, khol, nupor, sharindra, dotara, etc. were extensively used. Like music, dance too received a lot of attention in the ancient period. 

There are hundreds of dance forms in India. Out of these, the government of India has recognised eight of them as Indian Classical Dances. These are :(i) Kathakali (Kerala), (ii) Mohiniyattam (Kerala), (iii) Bharathanatiyam (Tamil Nadu), (iv) Kuchipudi (Andhra Pradesh), (v) Odissi (Odisha), (vi) Kathak (North India), (vii) Manipuri dance (Manipur), (viii) Satriya (Assam).

Q4. Sculptures of Assam. 

Ans : During the ancient and medieval period in Assam there was significant development in the field of sculpture. Sculptures were made of stone as well as of elephant tusks, gold, silver, bronze and wood. The main themes of these sculptures were religious deities such as  Siva, Vishnu, Gangapati, Surya, etc. Sculptures of different animals are also seen in different parts of the state. The main Sculptures of Assam can be seen in Da-Parbatia in Tezpur, Bamuni Pahar, Madan Kamdev, Ambari, Dabaka, Surya Pahar, Borganga, Numaligarh, Deopani, Hojai, Dibrugarh, Sukreswar, etc. The Da-Parbatia sculptures were made in the 8th century. These sculptures were greatly influenced by Gupta sculptures. 

Q5. Architecture of Assam. 

Ans : There was not much progress in the field of architecture in Assam during the ancient period. However during the medieval period, architecture made some progress under the patronage of Ahom and Konch kings. The main architecture of Assam consists of Rong Ghar, Kareng Ghar, Talatal Ghar and number of temples constructed by Ahom rules. The most famous temples constructed during this time includes Kamakhya, Ugratara, Umananda Siva Doul, Joy Doul. Devi Doul, Fakua Doul, Haygrib-Madhab Temple of Hajo, Sukreswar-Devalaya Temple, Siva Temple in Dergaon and Bishwanath Navagraha, etc. These architectures were made up of bricks and stones. Ahom rulers paid a considerable amount of attention to construction. An officer named Changrung Phukon was appointed to supervise the construction and maintenance of roads, palaces, temples, etc. 

Q6. Vaishnavite literature of Assam. 

Ans : The Vaishnavite movement launched by Sankardeva and Madhabdeva in the 15th century in Assam affected every aspect of Assamese culture including literature. This religious movement had a profound impact on Assamese literature and a good number of poems, prose, songs, dramas, devotional songs, etc. were prepared during this time. The main subject matter of these works were Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas, etc. Sankardeva (1449-1569), the great Vaishnavite preacher and intellectual of medieval Assam seemed to have written about 30 devotional songs called Borgit, several narrative poems and dramas. His greatest work was ‘Kirtan’. The first naat (drama) Chihnajatra of Sankardeva was written and played even before William Shakespeare wrote his works. Madhabdeva, one of the leading disciples of Sankardeva followed his master and enriched the language with his form of writing. He is remembered for his immortal work ‘Namghosha’. The other leading neo-vaishanavite writers like Bhattadeva, Ananta Kandali, Ram Saraswati, etc. too greatly enriched the Assamese literature. 

Q7. Folk songs of Assam. 

Ans : Assam has a rich tradition of folk songs which are sung on different occasions in different environment. Folk songs of Assam are unique and special. These constitute an integral part of Assamese culture. These are sung during marriage occasions, festival season, harvesting, community gathering, etc. Kamrupi and Goalpara folk songs are famous all over Assam. Other popular folk songs includes Aainam, Dhainaam, Dotara (tokari), Chiyageet, Nangeli geet, Cherradhek, etc. A number of folk song artistes of Assam have been honoured both by the state as well as central government for their contribution in this filed. Khagen Mahanta, Rameswar Patak and Pratima Pande Baruah have been honoured by Sangeet Natak Academy while Pratima Pande Baruah, a prominent Goalparia folk song artiste, was awarded with Padmashree by the Central government. 

Q8. Religious unity in Assam. 

Ans : The state of Assam is blessed with numerous ethnic tribes, races, cultural groups and religious groups. The main religions of the state include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Animism, etc. One of the notable features of the state with regard to religion is the prevalence of religious harmony in the state. Majority of the people are Hindus, but they belong to different sects of Hinduism such as ‘Sakta’, ‘Shaiva’, ‘Vaishnav’ and ‘Sourya’ cults. A good percentage of people belong to Vaishnavite cult which was made popular by Sankardeva and his disciple, Madhabdeva. Despite all differences in religious practices and rituals, the basic elements in these Hindu sects are the same.there is hardly any conflict between them.The Kamakhya temple, situated close to Guwahati, is the most famous holy site of Hindus in the state. The other religious groups like Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and Buddhists, live peacefully in the state. In other words, the state of Assam is noted for religious harmony and unity. 

Q9. Historical literature of Assam. 

Ans : The language used by the ancient dynasties of Assam from the 4th century was Sanskrit and later Sanskrti borne Assamese. Assamese Literature of 10th to 14th century consisted of songs called Charyapada. Many writers translated Puranas and other Indian epics to write poetic literature. Madhab Kandali’s translation of Ramayana is famous. The 15th century saw the impact of the Vaishnavite movement started by Sankardev. A number of poems, songs, prose, charit puthi, drama, etc. were written with the epics and Puranas as the theme. Sankardev wrote many ‘ankiya naats’ which were performed in Namghars. Later Bhattadev is prominent in having enriched Assamese literature with works like Katha Geeta, Bhagawat Katha, Ratnawali Katha, etc. Story based lyrics were written by non Sankari writers like Pitambar Kavi, Mankar, etc. The Ahom kings also patronised the writing of history first in Thai language and from 16th century onwards in Assamese. Many of these writings were restored during the British rule. Modern Assamese language developed since the first Assamese Journal ”Arunodoi” was published by the American Baptist Missionaries in 1846. Gradually Assamese literature began to imbibe influences of other literatures of the world. 

Q10. Bihu festival. 

Ans : Bihu festival in Assam is celebrated across all religions and castes. There are three Bihu festivals in a year-Bohag or Rongali Bihu observed on the last day of Sot month and first six days of Bohag month; Kartik or Kongali Bihu observed on the first day of Kartik month; and Magh or Bhogali Bihu observed on the last night of Push month and the first morning of Magh month. Rongali Bihu is marked with fun and gaiety. The first day is Garu Bihu when cows are given special treatment, and the second day Manuh Bihu, when everyone wears new clothes and youngsters seek the elders’ blessings. Bihu dance, sports and cultural activities are performed. Instruments like dhol, pepa and siphong are widely played. Fasting is observed on Kongali Bihu, and lamps are lit under Tulsi plants and in the paddy fields. Bhogali Bihu is associated with feasting. Bhelaghars or mejis (conical huts of straw and bamboo) are made and lit in the morning after a night of dancing and feasting. People take blessings from the God of Fire.

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