Subhadra Kumari Chauhan was a famous Indian poet and her literary works were very emotional. Her most famous work is “Jhansi Ki Rani” (about the courageous Queen of Jhansi) who narrates the life of the brave Jhansi, Rani Lakshmi Bai. Throughout Hindi literature, this poem is sung the most by the people of India. She was a conscious poet of national consciousness. The language style is simple and poetic, so the simplicity of her composition is heartwarming.
Biography of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
| Name | Subhadra Kumari Chauhan[1] |
| Date of Birth | August 16, 1904 |
| Place of Birth | Nihalpur village, Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh |
| Father’s Name | Ramnath Singh |
| Death | February 15, 1948 |
Early Life of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
Subhadra Kumari Chauhan was born on August 16, 1904 in a well-to-do family in Nihalpur village of Allahabad district of Uttar Pradesh. She was born in the zamindar family of Ramnath Singh in Nihalpur village near Allahabad.
Subhadra Kumari’s student life was spent in Prayagraj. From an early age she loved reading poems and compositions of Hindi literature. Subhadra Kumari’s best friend was Mahadevi Varma, who wrote poems like Subhadra and is a well-known poet.
Subhadra Kumari started writing poems since her childhood. Chauhan had four sisters and two brothers. Her father Thakur Ramnath Singh was an education lover and under his supervision, she also got early education. In 1919, she came to Jabalpur after her marriage to Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan of Khandwa in 1919.
She was the first woman to participate in Gandhiji’s non-cooperation movement in 1921. She was imprisoned twice. She was a creator as well as a fighter of the freedom struggle. In Dr. Mangala Anuja’s book Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, highlights the life of her literary and freedom struggle. In 1921, Subhadra and her husband joined Mahatma Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement. She was the first woman Satyagrahi to court arrest in Nagpur and was jailed twice for her involvement in protests against the British rule in 1923 and 1942.
Also Read: Biography of Suryakant Tripathi
Education of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
She initially studied at Crosthwaite Girls School in Allahabad and passed the middle school examination in 1919. She moved to Jabalpur after marrying Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan in the same year. Subhadra Kumari got married at a very young age.
After marriage, Subhadra Kumari had five children, Sudha Chauhan, Ajay Chauhan, Vijay Chauhan, Ashok Chauhan and Mamata Chauhan. Her daughter Sudha Chauhan was married to Premchand’s son Amritraya, Sudha Chauhan wrote her mother’s biography called ‘Mile Tej Se Tej’.
Literary Life of
Subhadra Kumari started writing from the age of 15. The time she started writing was an era of political unrest. British rulers came here and they began to take their roots. Gradually the repression cycle of English rule increased. The Indians left themselves in a dismal state of fate. In such a situation, poets, writers awakened the countrymen through their pens.
The lesson of Satyagraha taught by Gandhiji gave a lot of strength to the national movement. Subhadra Kumari Chauhan’s heart was also filled with patriotism. They regard the heroes who sacrificed their lives on the country as a source of inspiration for the youth. According to “Anubhuti” magazine, “She is the only poet in the Hindi world who has inspired millions of young people to give up the inactive suffering of the ages, to devote themselves to the freedom struggle, through her voice.
Chauhan was one of the greatest great poets and it can be inferred from the fact that when she was just nine years old, she wrote a poem called “Neem” and her poem was published in the “Mariada” magazine.
Subhadra Kumari loved writing poems from an early age, but at that time she started writing stories because of lack of money to write poems so that she could make money on the pretext of stories.
She wrote many poems during her lifetime, her most famous poem “Jhansi Ki Rani”, where Subhadra Kumari wrote a very well-known account of the life of Rani Lakshmi Bai.
Subhadra Kumari Chauhan wrote her poems, stories and works in very simple words. Apart from heroic poems she also wrote poems for children. She also wrote some big stories based on middle class lives.
Compositions of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
Poems
“Khilonewala”, “Tridhara”, “Mukul”, “Yeh Kadam Ka Ped”, “Seedhe-Saade Chitra”, “Mera naya Bachpan”, “Bikhare Moti”, “Jhansi ki Rani”
Short stories
Hingvala or Hingwala
Women’s Inspiration
The poems written by Subhadra Kumari with that joy and enthusiasm, playing an active role in the national freedom struggle, added a new inspiration to that movement.
This call of the non-cooperation movement has taken place in this style when empowerment of women has not had such a big impact.
The 1922 Jabalpur flag Satyagraha was the country’s first Satyagraha and Subhadraji’s first woman satyagrahi. Every day there was a meeting and where Subhadra Kumari also spoke. The Times of India Correspondent referred to her as a local Sarojini Naidu in one of her reports.
Death
She died in a car accident in Madhya Pradesh while travelling from Nagpur to Jabalpur on February 15, 1948. At that time, she had gone to Nagpur to attend the assembly session. She was also a member of the legislative assembly in the state. The Madhya Pradesh government has also installed a statue of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan outside the municipal office in Jabalpur. A postage stamp was also issued in her name in her honour at the Indian Post Office on August 6, 1976.
FAQ
1. Who is Subhadra Kumari Chauhan?
Ans: Subhadra Kumari was a very famous Indian poet.
2. When did Subhadra Kumari Chauhan died?
Ans: She died in a car accident on February 15, 1948.
3. How many children did Subhadra Kumari Chauhan had?
Ans: Subhadra Kumari Chauhan had five children.
4. When and where was Subhadra Kumari Chauhan born?
Ans: Subhadra Kumari Chauhan was born on August 16, 1904 in Nihalpur village of Allahabad district of Uttar Pradesh.
5. What was the name of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan’s husband?
Ans: Subhadra Kumari Chauhan’s husband’s name was Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan.
6. Which is the most popular poem of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan?
Ans: Subhadra Kumari Chauhan’s most famous poem is “Jhansi Ki Rani”.
7. What was the specialty of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan’s work?
Ans: Subhadra Kumari Chauhan’s works describes national movement, women’s freedom, caste development etc.
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